Nucleons Mechanical Properties and Nuclear Transparency

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Muhammad Goharipour:

“The study of nucleons has traditionally focused on their electric charge and magnetic properties, yet the mechanical properties of nucleons, accessible through gravitational form factors, offer a profoundly different perspective. This talk explores the emerging landscape of nucleon structure through mechanical properties such as the mass and mechanical radii, pressure distribution, and internal forces. The gravitational form factors, extracted from deeply virtual Compton scattering experiments, provide insights into the distribution of mass, pressure, and shear forces within the proton, complementing our understanding of how its internal structure is stabilized. We will examine how the mechanical and mass radii of the proton inform our understanding of nucleon size, contrasting them with the traditional charge radius. Additionally, we will delve into the pressure distribution within the proton, revealing an intense internal pressure that surpasses any other known physical system. By the end of this talk, we aim to appreciate why mechanical properties offer a new window into the complex structure of nucleons, enriching our understanding of one of the most fundamental building blocks of the universe.”

Fatemeh Irani:

“In this presentation, we will discuss nuclear transparency, an experimental measurement that refers to a phenomenon in which certain particles pass through a nucleus with minimal interaction. This quantity is closely related to color transparency. In the framework of perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), Brodsky and Mueller predicted that at sufficiently high momentum transfers, the quark-gluon wave packets of hadrons can form a “color-neutral” object. If this object is maintained while traversing the nuclear medium, the hadron would pass through without significant interaction. This phenomenon is known as color transparency (CT). Nuclear transparency, defined as the ratio of the cross section per nucleon for a process involving a bound nucleon in the nucleus to that involving a free nucleon, is the observable used to investigate CT.”

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